Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans by natural flavonoid phloretin

ABSTRACTObjectives To evaluate the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid phloretin on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration, viability, and biofilm susceptibility assays were conducted to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of phloretin.Biofilm compositi

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Reproductive biology of the saddle cichlid, Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (Cichliformes: Cichlidae), in small forest streams in the Machado River basin, southwestern Amazonia

The aim Dining Furniture Sets of this study was to evaluate the reproductive strategy of Aequidens tetramerus in small streams of the Machado river basin, southwestern Amazon.We collected samples in two streams using seine and dip nets along a 50-m stretch of the stream.We collected 86 fishes, 19 males and 67 females (sex-ratio, 3.52 female:1male).

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